Walt Disney A Bad Idea - 1317 Words

I was warned not to open the box then I looked inside and I saw Dead Walt Disney! I knew it from the start I was right all along. I thought it was strange mickey mouse was running away from the building just after he told me not to look in the box with his isis illuminati justin bieber TMNT foot clan faze clan squad following him with chloroform doritos tons of mountain dew and a silenced glock. There plan was to take control of disneyland and one direction they they would be able to cripple the world and take total control. I was running for my life I should have known that besides all the measles and creepy mascots disneyland was a bad idea. As I was running I could hear all the screams of terror from poor civilians as Justin bieber sang†¦show more content†¦North korea was now defenseless . So of course the only the obvious happened literally everyone in Africa saw it as the first time any of them could actually manage to take over another country so they all headed over there to fight to the dearth for the land but since none of them could afford cars they all had to walk. But then the unthinkable happened that shocked everyone at disneyland every single gaming n00b on the planet had came marching in and closed in on the front gates which alone was strange but then that s when I

Children From Their Bad Habits And Enhance Their Good...

way to break children from their bad habits and enhance their good behaviors. Nichols (2014), mentions in the intervention section that when a parent addresses their childrens positive behavior with praise or love, it can be almost as effective as money or prizes, these behaviors can enhance the child’s good behavior. (Nichols, 2014). Cognitive behavioral family therapy has been shown to be the most productive cognitive based therapy types (over child cognitive behavior therapy) in children who are struggling in adolescents or early adolescents. This has been proven to be more effective because during the adolescent life cycle stages, there is the confusion of responsibility and parental involvement. Cognitive based family therapy bring in all members of the family and has them work together in their problems. The family can talk about where they are in their life cycles stages and also the mother can be more involved in the cognitive therapy techniques of her son. This is true in the Diaz family because Mrs. Diaz can be aware of the cognitive techniques that can help her relationship with her son, Ian, as well as her other children (Wood, McLeod, Piacentini, Sigman, 2009). In terms of the Diaz family, the mother has not been showing as much affection because she has been working a lot more and does not have as m uch time to spend with the children, especially Ian. Ian might be acting out more because he does not have the attention that he wants from his mother. HisShow MoreRelatedInfluencers on Yound Adults658 Words   |  3 PagesParents spend more time with their children. Since children dont have enough experience and skills in both personal and social life, they mostly prefer parent to provide them most of the information regarding to the matter. But despite off all the hard work of parents in teaching the ethic and moral lesson, we youngster follow more of our friends than parents. Parent spend their whole life in polishing the behaviors of their children but the influence of good or bad friends can change the personalityRead MorePoem Bullying Change Analysis1327 Words   |  6 PagesGood behavior can be hidden behind the face of one God’s helper. Antonio is a fourth-grade student who wrote a poem, titled â€Å"Bully...Change,† about what he thought about himself. Th e poem, titled †Bully...Change,† is about Antonio looking at himself in a mirror and questioning why he has not friends. In addition, Antonio experiences with the mirror resulted in him defining himself as a bully. Antonio makes one heart felt request. Antonio requested that the reflection in the mirror change himRead MoreNegative Screen Time Effects Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Negative Screen Time Effects on Young Children Statistics show that screen time negatively affects children’s learning abilities and development. â€Å"The effects of so much screen time can include speech delays, aggressive behavior and obesity.† (Lavey) Since parents play a role in how much television their kids can watch, they can minimize the chances of their brains not developing correctly. â€Å"The first 2 years of life are considered a criticalRead MoreThe Fat Tax Should Not Cure Obesity893 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica. One idea is it will be used as an incentive to help improve the eating habits of Americans. The revenue collected can be used to enhance education as well as implement programs to teach healthy life style tips such as exersice and even implamenting gyms in placeces like community centers, another suggestion is to reduce cost of healthy foods using some of the tax money. As a result of the healthier habits of the population Medicare and Medicade may be less stressed resulting in less e xpensesRead MoreMastering the World of Psychology Essay790 Words   |  4 Pagesit relatively has permanent changes on behavior, knowledge, capability, or attitude (â€Å"Book†). These affects are acquired through everyday experiences such as actions that take place, enhancing our understanding of everything encompassed around us. As we continue to observe and apply associative learning we continue enhance our understanding of the world we live. The first question pertains to someone who was just counseled to avoid people and places from their previous drug days. The drug the patientRead MoreJunk Food Tax1385 Words   |  6 Pages(Rupert Taylor, 2009). Junk Food is generally consumed by people with a wide range of ages, a majority of children, adults or even elderly love consuming junk food. It is likely to say that junk food contains quite a lot of fat and food additives which have low nutritional value and bad to our health. Research appears to show (Dr. Michael Booth, 2009) that the problem of obesity in children is not because of the lack of exercise by them, but the consumption of high calories junk food. Times haveRead MoreCommon Teenage Problems Essay975 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluenced negatively by their peers, self-image and weight, or even arguments with their parents Drugs between teenagers is one of the most serious problems, because it causes a change in the behavior of any teenager and a physical change too. Most of the teenagers use alcoholic drinks as a way to escape from their problems. Teenagers might also use them because of their friends influence. Poor teenagers might use them too, to forget their cold body and hunger. Alcoholism is a societys sicknessRead MoreAddiction : The Problem Of Addiction Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I have absolutely no pleasure in the stimulants in which I sometimes so madly indulge. It has not been in the pursuit of pleasure that I have periled life and reputation and reason. It has been the desperate attempt to escape from torturing memories, from a sense of insupportable loneliness and a dread of some strange impending doom† (2016, Tag, B.). Not very many people understand why addiction brings out the worst in others, they only see what they are doing, not what the addiction is doing toRead MoreEssay on Common Teenage Problems933 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluenced negatively by their peers, self-image and weight, or even arguments with their parents Drugs between teenagers is one of the most serious problems, because it causes a change in the behavior of any teenager and a physical change too. Most of the teenagers use alcoholic drinks as a way to escape from their problems. Teenagers might also use them because of their friends influence. Poor teenagers might use them too, to forget their cold body and hunger. Alcoholism is a societys sicknessRead MoreShould Junk Food Be Banned at School1699 Words   |  7 Pagesincluding fast food, oily foods, snacks and high sugary beverage. Students usually eat snacks between meals. According to McPhail et al. (2011), the snacking habit among students has increased in the past twenty years. This means students are taking more junk food in a higher chance every day. It is generally recognized that junk food is bad for health, while some scholars and researches argued that healthy snacks are beneficial to adolescents.( Martine et al. , 2011) However, the effects of junk

Impossibility of Auditor Independence Free Essays

The Impossibility of Auditor Independence Intentional collusion of auditors and their clients is is not the major cause of Audit integrity. Most of the times, auditors find it difficult to become objective. In 1992, Phar-Mor, Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Impossibility of Auditor Independence or any similar topic only for you Order Now drugstore in the United States seeking a court protection from corruption failed a court case. The previous auditors, Coopers Lybrand, Phar-Mor’s failed to state inventory inflation and manipulation of finanicial that lead to overstating of $985 million earnings in a period of three years. The judges found Coopers ; Lybrand answerable for fraud to the joint investors. The attorney for one investor argued that â€Å"this sends a strong signal to the accounting community that investors take very seriously the role of audited financial statements and rely on them for their integrity. â€Å"‘ The investors who successfully sued Coopers Lybrand contended that Gregory Finerty, the Coopers Lybrand partner in charge of the Phar-Mor audit, was â€Å"hungry for business because he had been passed over for additional profit-sharing in 1988 for failing to sell enough of the firm’s services. â€Å"‘ Analysist, argue that Independence of audit was hindered by relationship with the management. Unjustified certification of financial statement like The Phar-Mor case are of many cases where auditors have been held responsible. Investors in the MiniScribe Corporation maintained that auditors were at least partially responsible for the now-defunct company’s falsified financial statements; at least one jury agreed, holding the auditors liable to investors for $200 million. In the U. S. financial reporting of savings and loan crisis has led to lose of millions of dollars by audit firms settling lawsuits and out-court suits making them collapse. The accounting profession claim that plaintiffs unjust actions are aimed looking for a convenient â€Å"deep pocket† towards recovery of their unplanned business decisions. The accounting profession’s role in financial reporting has experienced low reputation by investors and lenders. How could auditors not see that so many of their savings and loan clients were about to fail? How could a prominent auditing firm with a reputation for integrity overlook such large misstatements in Phar-Max H. Bazerman is the J. Jay Cerber Distinguished Professor of Dispute Resolution and Organizations at the J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern University. Kimberly P. Morgan is a certified public accountant and a Ph. D. candidate at the Katz School of Business, University of Pittsburgh. Ceorge F. Loewenstein is professor of economics, department of social and decision sciences, Carnegie Mellon University. First, the auditor-client relationship greatly influences opinions made about financial statement by auditors . Even the most professional auditors find it almost inevitable to maintain independence with the current audit procedures. Imagine situation where professionals deliberate their duty without prejudice at all times. For example doctors treating patients without expecting salary. Teachers in schools guiding learners selflessly. However, teachers, doctors or judges are motivated by their own gains making them vulnerable to impartial judgments and not necessarily corrupt. Auditing mandated to provide direction to shareholders and stakeholders posses big losses in case it fails to detect malpractice in financial statements preparation. The management hire, mandates and even suck auditors. Therefore, auditors serve the interests of their employer hence seem bias. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) states in its Code of Professional Ethics: â€Å"In the performance of any professional service, a member shall maintain integrity, shall be free of conflicts of interest, and shall not knowingly misrepresent facts or subordinate his or her judgment to others. . . . Members should accept the obligation to act in a way that will serve the public interest, honor the public trust, and demonstrate commitment to professionalism. ‘ The code of ethics acknowledges to some extent compromise on integrity and objectivity of the profession. Several parties including stakeholders, business advisors, lenders and financial institutions depend on financial statements to aid in their decision making. The management strives to maintain the reputation of the company. However, temptation to give over-ambition plans and objectives drive the management to give f alse information about the financial position of the company. This serves to attract external potential customers and takeholders. Financial reporting suffers from unqualified auditors. Reliability, accuracy and objectivity matter a lot in financial statements. Financial statements investigation requires generally accepted standards in accordance with International Standards of Auditing. Unqualified auditors usually communicate wrong presentations about the truth and fairness of accounting. Furthermore, independence cannot be possible in intellectually. Normally, misstatements occur during presentation as auditors interpret the data. Accidentally, false judgment enters the audit reporting without conscience. In the process of reporting and analyzing financial statements false information may be relayed as well. One’s role in presentation of information plays a vital role in terms perception, interests and preference. This subjective factors manipulate facts altering fairness and justice. Inaccurate interpretation of data leads to misleading conclusions. People fall into the trap of distinguishing between personal interests and morality. The rewards participants get in the exercise expose them to difficulty in liberating themselves from bias. In many circumstances, auditors consider the people who might be hurt by their independent opinion on the financial statement. The potential people to be affected by the report may be close associates with the audit. This may make them give false verdict about the fairness of the statements. On the other hand pointing misstatement ruins close relationships and in the event lose friends, contract and employment. Auditors reappointed periodically get used to the company’s mediocre in preparation of financial statements. In the event auditors ignore small errors and frauds in the institution. Auditor often adjusts statements reporting. People mislead to rationalize a judgment that is consistent with their own interest. People justify their inaccuracy and one sided judgment about balances through manipulation of data. Serious sanctions and even hefty charges may result. On the contrary, emerging trends auditing promotes independence in the current world. First, competitiveness increase in audit firms. Also dire results of losing a client and increased advantages of cordial relations with the client. Competitiveness Previously, junior auditors basic wage rate were at a ratio of four times the cost of the employee. Nowadays when a firm engages in corrupt reporting this amount may fall. In highly competitive markets, audit firms often accept losses audit fees in the initial years in order to â€Å"buy† the company. The client may be retained for a longer period by accepting heavily discounted fees. In the current period audit firms treat clients with great regard. Today, clients can be lured intensified competition among audit firms takes place within and without. These rules of audit business and implications in market share determine profits and even effects of losing a client in a negative audit. . Second, big partnerships such as tax and consulting firms grow rapidly due to audit. Not only do the auditing profession generate profit but also serves as a consultancy agency. In many cases, a Firm’s audit client gets consultancy services from the same firm. Notably, the consulting client benefits a lot from the consultancy than from the audit. Therefore, the views about the accounts also poses a risk on the consultancy service. On the same vein, the integrity of the reporting can be at risk too. Actually, involvement in both consultancy and audit further posses questions on whom the auditor is accountable to and working For. Focused on the obvious conflict of fulfilling responsibility to external users versus the financial benefits of pleasing the client. This conflict is typically viewed as a moral trade-of f on the auditors Face. The larger problem, however, is not with the auditors’ morality, but with limitations in the way that they process information. Thus independence remains a problem For even the most moral, honest auditor. Despite the auditors’ best efforts to place the external users’ interests For the above the client’s and to maintain objectivity, they may be unable to overcome cognitive or psychological biases that make them arrive at marginal decisions in the client’s favor. The larger problem facing society is that there is good reason to believe that auditors will unknowingly misrepresent facts and will unknowingly subordinate their judgment due to cognitive limitations. While audits are done for external criitics, the negotiated relationship between the auditor and the client creates them. Both the auditor and the client benefit From auditors’ self-serving bias. We believe that the auditing profession and external users of financial statements should actively seek fundamental changes in the current structure of the auditing relationship. Observers of the profession have suggested various possibilities, such as prohibiting a firm that conducts a company’s audit from simultaneously providing other services for that client, prohibiting audit Firms From providing any related services, having external bodies appoint auditors or set fee structures, requiring companies to periodically change auditors, increasing oversight of auditing practices, or, the most drastic, having governmental agencies rather than the private sector conduct audits. While we do not know that any of these suggestions would be optimal, we believe we have made a convincing case for reform of the current auditing relationship. External users pay a huge price for the flaws in the current structure of audit. Work cited 1. Adapted from M. Murray, â€Å"Coopers Lybrand Is Found Liable by Jury to Investors,† Wall Street Journal, 15 February 1996, p. A-8. 2. Adapted from M. Pitz, â€Å"J’-‘O’ Finds Phar-Mor s Auditors Negligent,† Pittsburgh Post-Cazette, 15 February 1996, pp. A1-A6. 3. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Code of Professional Ethics, 1988. 4. W . Burger, U. S. Supreme Court: 1984, United States v. Arthur Young Co. , US Supreme Court Reports, IG April 1984, 79 L Ed 2d, 826-838. 5. J. C. Robertson, /! W///g-(Homewood, Illinois: Irwin, 1990). 6. E. Waples and M. K. Shaub, â€Å"Establishing an Ethic of Accounting,† Joumalof Business Ethics, volume 10, 1991, pp. 385-393. 7. C. E. Jordan and J. G. Johnston, â€Å"Auditor s Independence: A Proposal to the Profession and the Public,† The Woman CPA, volume 49, July 1987, pp. 3-9. 8. D. M. Messick and K. P. Sentis, â€Å"Fairness and Preference,† Journal of Experimental Social Psychologf, volume 15, 1979, pp. AMi-A’iA. 9. K. A. Diekmann, S. M. Samuels, L. Ross, and M. H . Bazerman, â€Å"Self-interest and Fairness in Problems of Resource Allocation,†/O; »7M/ of Personality and Social Psychology (in press). 10. D. M. Messick, â€Å"Equality, Fairness, and Social Conflict,† Social Justice Research, voune 8, 1995, pp. 153-173; and D. M. Messick and A. E. Tenbrunsel, eds.. Codes of Conduct {New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1996). 11. L. Thompson and C . Loewenstein, â€Å"Egocentric Interpretations of Fairness and Interpersonal Conflict,† Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, volume 51,1992 , pp. 176-197; C . Loewenstein, S. IssacharofF, C. Camerer, and L. Babcock, â€Å"Self- Serving Assessments of Fairness and Pretrial Bargaining,† Journal of Legal Studies, oV vtll, 1993, pp. 135-159; L. Babcock, G. Loewenstein, S. Issacharoff, and C. Camerer, â€Å"Biased Judgments of Fairness in Bargaining,† American Economic Review, volume 85, December 1995, pp. 1337-1342. 12. K. Jenni and G. Loewenstein, â€Å"Explaining the Identifiable Victim Effect,† Journal of Risk and Uncertainty (forthcoming, 1997); D. M. Messick, and M. H . Bazerman, â€Å"Ethical Leadership and the Psychology of Decision Making,† Sloan Management Review, volume 37, Winter 1996, pp. 9-22; and L. Babcock and G. Loewenstein, â€Å"Explaining Bargaining Impasse: Th e Role of Self-Serving Biases,† Journal of Economic Perspectives (in press). 13. SeeG. Loewenstein andj . Elster, Choiceove- 7/H(? (New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press, 1992); G. Loewenstein, â€Å"Behavioral Decision Theory and Business Ethics: Skewed Ttade-offs between Self and Other,† in Messick and Tenbrunsel (1996). 14. See J. C. Corless, R. W. Bardett, and R. J. Seglund, â€Å"Psychological Factors Affecting Auditor Independence,† The Ohio CPA Journal, volume 49, Spring 1990, pp. 5-9. Reprint 3848 94 BAZEHMAN ET AI,. SLOAN MANAGEMEN T REVIKW/SUMME R 1997 How to cite Impossibility of Auditor Independence, Papers

Human Genetic Engineering Denies Children’s Autonomy Samples for Stude

Question: Human Genetic Engineering Denies How Childrens Autonomy? Ansswer: Introduction Genetic engineering normally refers to the various genetic modifications made in order for the manipulation of an organisms genome directly through the use of biotechnology. Genetic engineering is the set of all technologies methods and approaches that are used in the process of changing the genetic makeup of different cells. The genetic engineering includes the transfer of various genes within and even across different species boundaries to come up with improved and novel organisms[1]. The DNA is inserted into the host genome by isolating and copying the genetic materials of interest by using molecular cloning methods to come up with a DNA sequence or through synthesizing the DNA and inserting its content into the host organism. Human genetic engineering has been widely developed in the recent past in which the human is the host and receives modified and improved DNA. Therefore, human genetic engineering is aimed at eliminating and reduction of unwanted human traits and replacing th em with improved, better characteristics through modification of human genome by altering the DNA of human embryos.The germline gene therapy generates wide-ranging ethical issues. Human Genetic engineering has been employed in the betterment of medicine hence leading to improved patient outcomes. The application of this knowledge in medical technology, human genetic engineering has resulted in improved treatment and eradication of some genetic medical conditions including cancer, cystic fibrosis, and Parkinsons disease. The dark side of the gene therapy is the altering human genetic composition beyond the proper scope of medicine. If this technology is used for example in altering the gene for the human growth hormone, just to allow a child to be taller than his peers brings out a new spectrum of issues. Although the human genetic engineering has some advantages on the improvement, it has very many adverse effects on people. There are various arguments against human genetic engineering which include; the human genetic engineering limits the childrens autonomy to create and shape their destinies, there is the fear that the human genetic engineering may lead to eugenics[2], we are playing God, human genetic engineering process is not safe and that human genetic engineering may lead to vast social inequalities. Therefore, human genetic engineering should be discouraged and if possible abolished. Human Genetic Engineering denies Childrens Autonomy There is an argument that the human genetic engineering usually and extensively limits the childrens freedom to shape their destinies[3]. If the parents are capable of remaking their childs genetic makeup, they are writing the genetic instructions that will shape the childs entire future. If the parents gave the child blue eyes instead of brown ones, if they make him tall instead of short or medium height, if they choose for the child a passive over an aggressive personality, these choices by the parents would have a direct and lifelong effect on the child[4]. Augustine argues that people are naturally imperfect and that what is expected. Since the days in the Garden of Eden, man has remained to be imperfect and passes this to the successive generations and not be altered since it makes who we are. Augustine argues that all the human characteristics whether negative or positive are important because that is our nature. Augustine says that even laziness and negligence to do certain th ings are natural and essential vices since labor itself is a punishment. Therefore, people should be allowed to choose their autonomy[5]. Human Genetic Engineering can lead Eugenics There are researches aimed at using the cutting-edge science to eliminate the condition of autism. The method is not designed to reduce autism or making life better for the many autistic persons but tries to eliminate autism by eliminating autistic people[6]. This can be compared to when the Nazis were creating a master race[7]. This argument explains that human genetic engineering enhancement usually leads to discrimination against the disabled in the society as well as genetically unfit. Augustine states that there should be no discrimination not even because of a disease or disorder since the different cultures are not as important as we think but there are on lay two kinds of society that can be referred to as two cities hence discrimination of persons or trying to eliminate them because of their disorders or inequality is unfair. Human Genetic Engineering may lead to Social Inequalities There is an argument that the human genetic engineering will eventually result in social inequalities. This inequality is brought about by the fact that the rich usually enjoys genetic enhancements through high intelligence, perfect eyesight, improved heights that the poor cannot afford. Therefore, the critics are right that the world with human genetic engineering will contain inequalities[8]. Safety in Human Genetic Engineering Both the somatic gene therapy and the germline gene therapy procedures are not entirely safe. The way and the process in which the corrected DNA is inserted into the human genome is not entirely safe. These methods make use of viral vectors and such viral factors sometimes triggers massive and widespread systemic immune responses. The altered genes that are inserted into the genome can disrupt functional genes hence causing mutations[9]. We are playing God This argument is similar to the one that proposes that we should not interfere with nature because that how God created it to be[10]. Human genetic engineering is aimed at improving human life or creating new genes that replace the natural genes that we are born with. Therefore, the use of this technology is an abomination to many religious diehards. Most people believe that we are beautifully and wonderfully made in the image of God and we should be happy with ourselves and not try to change who we are. Conclusion Human genetic engineering is currently being applied in various medical practices which include treatment and eradication of some genetic medical conditions including cancer, cystic fibrosis, and Parkinsons disease[11]. However, human genetic engineering has also been used for non-medical purposes to get rid of unwanted genes or modify genes to get the desired traits. These non-medical uses have created a widespread debate based on the ethical and medical basis. Some are for a while others are against human genetic engineering. Those against human genetic engineering claim that; human genetic engineering limits the childrens autonomy to create and shape their destinies, there is the fear that the human genetic engineering may lead to eugenics, we are playing God, human genetic engineering process is not safe and that human genetic engineering may lead to vast social inequalities. Therefore, human genetic engineering is harmful to the society if used for other non-medical practices an d should be discouraged. References Erlich, Henry. PCR technology: principles and applications for DNA amplification. Springer, 2015. Garner, Stephen. "Christian Theology and Transhumanism: The Created Co-creator and Bioethical Principles." Religion and Transhumanism: The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement: The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement (2014): 229. Giubilini, Alberto, and Sagar Sanyal. "The ethics of human enhancement." Philosophy Compass 10, no. 4 (2015): 233-243. Husted, Jrgen. "2 Autonomy and a right not to know." The Right to Know and the Right Not to Know: Genetic Privacy and Responsibility (2014): 24. Lanphier, Edward, and Fyodor Urnov. "Don't edit the human germ line." Nature 519, no. 7544 (2015): 410. Laws, Terri, W. Duncan Wadsworth, and Michael O. Emerson. "Making Babiess: Religion and Moral Diversity in Views on Abortion and Human Genetic Engineering." (2013). Paul, Diane B. "What Was Wrong with Eugenics? Conflicting Narratives and Disputed Interpretations." Science Education 23, no. 2 (2014): 259-271. Sandel, Michael J. "The case against perfection: what's wrong with designer children, bionic athletes, and genetic engineering." Arguing About Bioethics (2012). Sandel, Michael. "The case against perfection." The Atlantic Monthly 293, no. 3 (2004): 51-62. Sharon, Tamar. "The Human Enhancement Debate: For, Against and from Human Nature." In Human Nature in an Age of Biotechnology, pp. 57-78. Springer Netherlands, 2014. [1] Erlich, Henry. PCR technology: principles and applications for DNA amplification. Springer, 2015 [2] Sharon, Tamar. "The Human Enhancement Debate: For, Against and from Human Nature." In Human Nature in an Age of Biotechnology, pp. 57-78. Springer Netherlands, 2014. [3] Laws, Terri, W. Duncan Wadsworth, and Michael O. Emerson. "Making Babiess: Religion and Moral Diversity in Views on Abortion and Human Genetic Engineering." (2013). [4] Sandel, Michael. "The case against perfection." The Atlantic Monthly 293, no. 3 (2004): 51-62. [5] Husted, Jrgen. "2 Autonomy and a right not to know." The Right to Know and the Right Not to Know: Genetic Privacy and Responsibility (2014): 24. [6] Sandel, Michael J. "The case against perfection: what's wrong with designer children, bionic athletes, and genetic engineering." Arguing About Bioethics (2012). [7] Paul, Diane B. "What Was Wrong with Eugenics? Conflicting Narratives and Disputed Interpretations." Science Education 23, no. 2 (2014): 259-271. [8] Giubilini, Alberto, and Sagar Sanyal. "The ethics of human enhancement." Philosophy Compass 10, no. 4 (2015): 233-243. [9] Lanphier, Edward, and Fyodor Urnov. "Don't edit the human germ line." Nature 519, no. 7544 (2015): 410. [10] Garner, Stephen. "Christian Theology and Transhumanism: The Created Co-creator and Bioethical Principles." Religion and Transhumanism: The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement: The Unknown Future of Human Enhancement (2014): 229. [11] Erlich, Henry. PCR technology: principles and applications for DNA amplification. Springer, 2015.