The Role of Women in Igbo Society Essay Example for Free

The Role of Women in Igbo Society Essay Women’s role in Things fall apart. Igbo women reveals itself to be prematurely simplistic as well as limiting, once the reader uncovers the diverse roles of the Ibo women throughout the novel. An excellent example of powerful women in the Ibo village is found in the role they play in the Ibo religion. The women routinely perform the role of priestess. The narrator recalls that during Okonkwos boyhood, the priestess in those days was woman called Chika. She was full of the power of her god, and she was greatly feared (17). The present priestess is Chielo, the priestess of Agbala, the Oracle of the hill and the Caves (49). There is an episode during which Chielo has come for Okonkwo and Ekwefis daughter Ezinma. We are told, Okonkwo pleaded with her to come back in the morning because Ezinma was now asleep. But Chielo ignored what he was trying to say and went on shouting that Agbala wanted to see his daughter . . . The priestess screamed. Beware, Okonkwo! she warned (101). There is no other point in the novel in which we see Okonkwo plead with anyone, male or female, for any reason. We witness a woman not only ordering Okonkwo to give her his daughter, but threatening him as well. The fact that Okonkwo allows this is evidence of the priestesss power. The ability of a woman to occupy the role of a priestess, a spiritual leader, reveals a clear degree of reverence for women being present in Igbo society. Another example of such reverence for women is unveiled in the representation of the earth goddess, Ani. Ani is described a playing a greater part in the life of the people than any other deity. She was the ultimate judge of morality and conduct. in Chapter fourteen, when Okonkwo returns to his mothers clan after being exiled from the Ibo village. Uchendu, reproaching Okonkwo for his sorrow about having to come to live with his mothers clan, explains: Its true that a child belong to its father. But when a father beats his child Upon delving beneath this deceiving surface, one can see that the women of the clan hold some very powerful positions: spiritually as the priestess, symbolically as the earth goddess, and literally as the nurturers of the Ibo people, the caretakers of the yam crops and the mothers and educators of the Ibo children.

Declaration of Independence Essay -- U.S. History

Children’s voice shouting in parades, spinning noise-makers, giant flags of red, white, and blue waving in every corner of the street, fireworks light up the night sky, friends and family gathering around with big smile on their faces; it is not somebody’s birthday nor it is an ordinary day. It is a true festival, a country’s birthday. The Fourth of July marks the anniversary of the glorious day in 1776 when America, as a new nation declared to the world its independence from monarchs. Because of the importance of this day, thus, the Declaration of Independence can be considered as one of the most influential documents in American History. Not only that, other organizations and countries have also adopted its manner and tones for their own documents or declarations, such as â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man† from France or the â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† from the Women’s Right movement. After the Congress ratified the text on July Fourth, the Declaration of Independence had been issued in several forms. It was originally published as a printed broadside that was generally distributed and read to the public. Nevertheless, although the wording was approved on the Fourth of July, most historians have concluded that â€Å"it was signed almost a month later after its adoption, not on July Fourth as is commonly believed† . The Declaration not only justified the independence of the United States of America by listing colonial complaints against King George III, but it also asserted certain and legal rights, including the right of evolution. Nonetheless, after the American Revolution, the original purpose of the text was ignored. Since then, the Declaration of Independence can only be viewed as a major statement on human rights. Yet, the ques... ...arvard University Press, 1967), 200–02 John Ferling, A Leap in the Dark: The Struggle to Create the American Republic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 123–24 John H. Hazelton, The Declaration of independence: its history (New York, Dodd, Mead and Company, 1906), 13 George William Frederick, His Majesty's most gracious speech to both Houses of Parliament, on Friday, October 27 [i.e. Thursday, October 26], 1775 (Philadelphia, Printed by Hall and Sellers, 1776) Jack N. Rakove, The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretative History of the Continental Congress (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), 89 Herbert Friedenwald, The Declaration of Independence: an interpretation and an analysis (New York, The Macmillan Company, 1904), 67 Pauline Maier, American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), 41 Declaration of Independence Essay -- U.S. History Children’s voice shouting in parades, spinning noise-makers, giant flags of red, white, and blue waving in every corner of the street, fireworks light up the night sky, friends and family gathering around with big smile on their faces; it is not somebody’s birthday nor it is an ordinary day. It is a true festival, a country’s birthday. The Fourth of July marks the anniversary of the glorious day in 1776 when America, as a new nation declared to the world its independence from monarchs. Because of the importance of this day, thus, the Declaration of Independence can be considered as one of the most influential documents in American History. Not only that, other organizations and countries have also adopted its manner and tones for their own documents or declarations, such as â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man† from France or the â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments† from the Women’s Right movement. After the Congress ratified the text on July Fourth, the Declaration of Independence had been issued in several forms. It was originally published as a printed broadside that was generally distributed and read to the public. Nevertheless, although the wording was approved on the Fourth of July, most historians have concluded that â€Å"it was signed almost a month later after its adoption, not on July Fourth as is commonly believed† . The Declaration not only justified the independence of the United States of America by listing colonial complaints against King George III, but it also asserted certain and legal rights, including the right of evolution. Nonetheless, after the American Revolution, the original purpose of the text was ignored. Since then, the Declaration of Independence can only be viewed as a major statement on human rights. Yet, the ques... ...arvard University Press, 1967), 200–02 John Ferling, A Leap in the Dark: The Struggle to Create the American Republic (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 123–24 John H. Hazelton, The Declaration of independence: its history (New York, Dodd, Mead and Company, 1906), 13 George William Frederick, His Majesty's most gracious speech to both Houses of Parliament, on Friday, October 27 [i.e. Thursday, October 26], 1775 (Philadelphia, Printed by Hall and Sellers, 1776) Jack N. Rakove, The Beginnings of National Politics: An Interpretative History of the Continental Congress (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), 89 Herbert Friedenwald, The Declaration of Independence: an interpretation and an analysis (New York, The Macmillan Company, 1904), 67 Pauline Maier, American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1998), 41

Informed consent Essay

Informed consent is a phrase often used in law to indicate that the consent a person gives meets certain minimum standards. As a literal matter, in the absence of fraud, it is redundant. An informed consent can be said to have been given based upon a clear appreciation and understanding of the facts, implications, and future consequences of an action. In order to give informed consent, the individual concerned must have adequate reasoning faculties and be in possession of all relevant facts at the time consent is given. (Wikipedia). UK case law on consent has established three requirements that need to be satisfied before a potential client can give informed consent: 1. Consent should be given by someone with the mental ability to do so. 2. Sufficient information should be given to the participant. 3. Consent must be freely given. A therapist must always get informed consent to give treatment. This should be done by clearly explaining the treatment you will be giving, any risks that may be involved and any other alternative treatments that may be possible. A record of the treatment plan including all decisions must be kept and passed to all professionals involved in their care. Informed consent cannot be given by a client under the age of 16 so the parent or legal guardian are authorised to give it. Consent can be given either in writing or verbally and should be based upon the information being clearly explained by the therapist and fully understood by the client. The therapist should not just hand over a form for the client to sign as they may not fully read the details on it. An information sheet should be given which should include material the therapist feels is suitable for each individual client. It could also have details of any books or websites that could be of use. The information should include the type of treatment, the outcomes, all costs/expenses, any risks or consequences which may be incurred and available options. Everything must be understood by the client and the therapist can establish this by asking if all information is clear or if anything more is required. The therapist should be aware of the needs of their potential client in case, for example, they have a problem reading. Alternative formats such as MP3, CD or picture data may be required. The client should freely ask questions so clarification can be obtained. Effective communication should be used to find out what a patient wants and needs to know. As treatment is ongoing and may change, the therapist must ensure that the client is made aware of these and that they understand and agree to them. The client should be in full possession of their faculties and not be impaired by health problems such as illness, drug addiction or alcohol problems. It is the responsibility of the therapist to get informed consent from the client before treatment begins. In many areas of therapeutic practice, it is considered to be a legal and ethical requirement to have informed consent as it is possible that legal action could be taken against a therapist if they begin treatment without it. However, the Medical Council states that ‘while a signed consent form provides good evidence that a discussion has taken place, it does not prove that consent is truly informed. If a client is only given a form to sign with no verbal explanation, it loses all significance as it becomes an undemanding formality that must be complied with for legal purposes. This does not serve the ethical objectives of consent. ’ (Good Medical Practice in Seeking Informed Consent to Treatment 2008/9). The therapist must check with the client that they have understood and are satisfied with all the information and details they have been given. Any outstanding problems should be clarified prior to the client giving informed consent. Implied consent is consent which is understood without being explicitly stated (Dictionarist). It is a form of consent which is not expressly granted by a person, but rather inferred from a client’s actions and the facts and circumstances of a particular situation (Wikipedia). There is no direct agreement given either verbally or in writing to confirm consent. If a client came to see a hypnotherapist following having received information from them, it would be assumed as implied consent to hypnosis as they have made a decision to make an appointment for treatment. Written consent should be obtained before any treatment is given but after the therapist has clearly explained hypnotherapy and is sure that it has been understood by the client. It must be obtained from the parent or legal guardian of a child or a young person before therapy begins. Written consent should always be given in advance if any audio or visual recordings are to be made.

Plato s Apology And The Apology - 1591 Words

In this paper I will discuss how Plato s Apology and Phaedo have difference ideas of what it means to be a philosopher. I will explain how in the Apology, the philosopher is wise in how he/she understand that they are wise because they know that they don t know, and in Phadeo the philosopher knowledgable and are concern in gaining more knowledge. In Plato s Apology we learn about Socrates life and who he really is. In platos Apology a philosopher is a wise person because he understands that being wise is understanding that they know they don t know. Is something difficult to understand but I will break it down as simple as I can. Socrates was a citizen that knew that he did not know and also knew that everyone else also did not†¦show more content†¦Someone that would call themselves wise, Socrates would question him or her until they did not had an answer to Socrates questions, and that would demonstrate that in reality those people where not wise as they would call themselves, even though himself would not had an answer either. Although, Socrates did not claimed to have knowledge of what he did not know and not claimed to have wisdom when he believed he did not, Socrates understood that those who claimed to have knowledge did not really know about what they claimed to know as well as wisdom and thats what made So crates more wise. Therefore, In the Apology Socrates was wise because he believed that he was not wise. In the Apology the Oracle believed that there was no other person wiser that Socrates because Socrates believed that he was not wise. It its crazy to believe that a person is wise because that person believes he or she is not wise but if you put some thought into it it makes total sense. How can someone in this earth call themselves wise when in reality they do not have every answer. Socrates in the Apology would totally agree that it is wiser for someone to believe that being wise is to not call themselves wise but to know that they don t know and that is because thats what Socrates did throughout his life in the Apology until his sentenced. In the other hand in Plato s Phaedo the philosopherShow MoreRelatedApology, By Plato s Apology1298 Words   |  6 Pagesknowing you know nothing.† In â€Å"Apology,† written by Plato, this ethical belief makes a bold appearance demonstrating that true ignorance only revolves around those who think that they know everything. In â€Å"Apology,† Socrates learns that the wisest men are those who do not think of themselves of wise, and rather make an approach of going beyond an authentic method of inquiry and helping others seek their personal philosophies which may result in conflict. In Plato’s â€Å"Apology,† Socrates demonstrates thatRead MoreSocrates Apology Of Plato s Apology981 Words   |  4 PagesPart I: Essay Outline Question #2 At 23b of Plato s Apology Socrates claims to be wiser than his interlocutors because, unlike them, he does not think he knows what he does not know. Question: Is this self-assessment genuinely meaningful or is it merely clever word play? Thesis Statement: I think Socrates’ message behind his speech to his interlocutors was to both state his superior wisdom and gain the attention while doing so. Outline I. Introduction A. Opening Statement 1. What is wisdomRead MoreThe Apology Of Plato s Apology982 Words   |  4 Pages In the â€Å"Apology,† Socrates seems disobedient, disrespectful and even boastful as he speaks to the magistracy. In â€Å"Crito,† however, Socrates is found sleeping soundly as he patiently awaits his punishment – death. It seems that Plato’s works paint two entirely contradicting portraits of his mentor. Yet, it was not a contradiction for Socrates to refuse Crito’s help to leave Athens and avoid punishment, because the alternative penalties or escape would compromise Socrates lifestyle, and since he failedRead MorePlato s Euthyphro And Apology893 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophers are known to question, analyze and evaluate everything but do not always end with concrete conclusions. Plato’s Euthyphro and Apology, to no surprise, highlight one of such debate: the human characteristics of wisdom. Though Plato was one of the earliest philosophers, the topic o f wisdom is still debated by modern philosophers today, contemplating questions such as â€Å"What are the classifications of ‘wisdom’?† According to Plato’s two dialogues, the characteristics of wisdom have a strongRead MorePlato s The Apology Of Socrates874 Words   |  4 PagesIn Plato s â€Å"The Apology of Socrates†, Socrates states, â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† and he would rather be put to death them stop his practice of philosophy (The Apology). In this writing, Socrates is charged with not accepting the gods recognized by the state, devising new gods, and corrupting the youth of Athens. However, the word apology in the title is not our modern English interpretation of the word. The name of the speech stems from the Greek word apologia, which translatesRead MorePlato s Apology And Crito983 Words   |  4 Pagesevents that have marked the history of humanity on earth. In the following written works, Plato’s Apology and Crito, The Gospel According to Mark, and Dante’s Inferno, religion and politics are shown to be intertwined, which emphasizes the impact of each individual character in each written work. Also, these written works explain how politics are affected by religion and vice versa. Plato’s Apology and Crito are plays that explain how Socrates, who was considered an honored and the wisest man inRead MorePlato And Plato s The Apology1623 Words   |  7 Pagesmore interested in determining how the world worked and its origins/cosmology, as oppose to philosophers such as Plato And Socrates who focused more on ethics or morality. Plato’s conception of God and religion can be depicted in his literatures â€Å"Euthyphro† and â€Å"The Apology† which he expresses through his writings of Socrates in dialogue formation. While one may assume that both Plato and Socrates shared analogous notions of God and religion it is impossible to truly know given the Socratic problemRead MorePlato s Apology And Crito976 Words   |  4 Pageshistorically events that have marked the history of humanity in earth. In the following written works, Plato’s apology and Crito, The gospel according to Mark and Date’s inferno, in each of these work religion and politics are intertwined to show the impact of these in each character in each wri tten work. Also, these written works explain how politics is affected by religion and vise versa. In Plato’s Apology and Crito are two consecutive plays that explain how Socrates, which was considered an honored andRead MorePlato s Apology And Crito977 Words   |  4 Pagesevents that have marked the history of humanity on earth. In the following written works, Plato’s apology and Crito, The gospel according to Mark and Date’s Inferno, in each of these works religion and politics are intertwined to show the impact of these in each character in each written work. Also, these written works explain how politics are affected by religion and vice versa. In Plato’s Apology and Crito, are two consecutive plays that explain how Socrates, which was considered an honored andRead MoreAnalysis Of Plato s The Apology 1198 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Apology† by Plato is a work written as a speech-like monologue, which later turns dialectic. Socrates, who has been brought upon the courts, proceeds with his defense which is by no means an apology. He believed in practicing and teaching philosophy even if that meant going against the Athenian law. He believed above all that he should not go against his own beliefs. In his defense, Socrates claims that an â€Å"unexamined† life is not worth living. What he means by this is that living an unexamined